BCA Strat Open Pairs, Monday Eve, January 4, 2010 RESULTS OF BOARD 1 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 1.50 4.50 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 140 1.50 4.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 420 4.50 1.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 50 0.00 6.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 800 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 300 3.00 3.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 5-Martin-Ellis 420 4.50 1.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 2 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 450 4.00 2.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 800 0.50 5.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 450 4.00 2.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 450 4.00 2.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 690 2.00 4.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 800 0.50 5.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 5-Martin-Ellis 200 6.00 0.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 3 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 620 1.00 5.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 100 4.50 1.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 110 3.00 3.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 100 4.50 1.50 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 620 1.00 5.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 200 6.00 0.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 5-Martin-Ellis 620 1.00 5.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 4 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 5.00 1.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 100 1.50 4.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 100 1.50 4.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 300 0.00 6.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 140 5.00 1.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 110 3.00 3.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 5-Martin-Ellis 140 5.00 1.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 5 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 3.50 2.50 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 50 3.50 2.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 2-Brown-Paton 50 3.50 2.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 5-Martin-Ellis 120 0.00 6.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 50 3.50 2.50 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 100 6.00 0.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 100 1.00 5.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 6-McDaniel-Baker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 6 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 620 0.00 6.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 200 4.50 1.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 2-Brown-Paton 100 1.50 4.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 5-Martin-Ellis 400 6.00 0.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 130 3.00 3.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 100 1.50 4.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 200 4.50 1.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 6-McDaniel-Baker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 7 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 2.00 4.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 200 0.00 6.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 2-Brown-Paton 140 4.00 2.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 5-Martin-Ellis 140 4.00 2.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 100 1.00 5.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 140 4.00 2.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 200 6.00 0.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 6-McDaniel-Baker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 8 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 4.50 1.50 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 140 1.50 4.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 2-Brown-Paton 50 4.50 1.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 5-Martin-Ellis 140 1.50 4.50 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 140 1.50 4.50 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 300 6.00 0.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 140 1.50 4.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 6-McDaniel-Baker ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 9 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 2.00 4.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 50 4.00 2.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 130 5.00 1.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 2.00 4.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 200 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 170 0.00 6.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 2-Brown-Paton 100 2.00 4.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 5-Martin-Ellis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 10 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 400 2.00 4.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 1100 0.50 5.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 100 6.00 0.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 130 3.50 2.50 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 90 5.00 1.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 130 3.50 2.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 2-Brown-Paton 1100 0.50 5.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 5-Martin-Ellis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 11 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 5.00 1.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 50 4.00 2.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 50 2.50 3.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 0.50 5.50 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 110 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 50 2.50 3.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 2-Brown-Paton 100 0.50 5.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 5-Martin-Ellis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 12 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 1.00 5.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 50 1.00 5.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 50 1.00 5.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 3.50 2.50 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 180 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 150 5.00 1.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 2-Brown-Paton 100 3.50 2.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 5-Martin-Ellis ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 13 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 500 0.00 6.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 300 1.50 4.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 140 3.00 3.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 2-Brown-Paton 620 5.00 1.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 620 5.00 1.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 300 1.50 4.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 620 5.00 1.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 14 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 0.00 6.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 110 5.50 0.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 50 3.00 3.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 2-Brown-Paton 50 3.00 3.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 50 3.00 3.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 110 5.50 0.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 90 1.00 5.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 15 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 5.50 0.50 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 920 2.00 4.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 990 0.50 5.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 2-Brown-Paton 50 5.50 0.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 490 3.50 2.50 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 490 3.50 2.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 990 0.50 5.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 16 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 3.00 3.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 690 1.00 5.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 650 3.00 3.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 2-Brown-Paton 620 5.50 0.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 650 3.00 3.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 1430 0.00 6.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 620 5.50 0.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 17 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 420 6.00 0.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 490 3.00 3.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 490 3.00 3.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 490 3.00 3.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 990 0.00 6.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 5-Martin-Ellis 490 3.00 3.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 490 3.00 3.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 2-Brown-Paton ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 18 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 200 2.00 4.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 450 0.00 6.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 140 3.00 3.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 50 5.00 1.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 50 5.00 1.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 5-Martin-Ellis 50 5.00 1.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 400 1.00 5.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 2-Brown-Paton ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 19 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 420 1.00 5.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 50 0.00 6.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 480 5.50 0.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 480 5.50 0.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 450 3.00 3.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 5-Martin-Ellis 450 3.00 3.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 450 3.00 3.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 2-Brown-Paton ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 20 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 4.00 2.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 100 4.00 2.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 620 1.50 4.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 100 4.00 2.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 200 6.00 0.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 5-Martin-Ellis 800 0.00 6.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 620 1.50 4.50 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 2-Brown-Paton ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 21 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 6.00 0.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 620 5.00 1.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 5-Martin-Ellis 170 4.00 2.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 100 2.00 4.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 2-Brown-Paton 100 2.00 4.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 100 2.00 4.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 200 0.00 6.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 22 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 2.00 4.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 300 5.50 0.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 5-Martin-Ellis 100 2.00 4.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 140 0.00 6.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 2-Brown-Paton 200 4.00 2.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 300 5.50 0.50 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 100 2.00 4.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 23 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 5.00 1.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 3.00 3.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 5-Martin-Ellis 1100 0.00 6.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 800 1.00 5.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 2-Brown-Paton 90 4.00 2.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 110 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 200 2.00 4.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 24 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 5.00 1.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 6.00 0.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 5-Martin-Ellis 420 1.00 5.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 8-Kelley-Tobias 420 1.00 5.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 2-Brown-Paton 200 4.00 2.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 420 1.00 5.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 300 3.00 3.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 25 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 2.00 4.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 2-Brown-Paton 400 6.00 0.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 130 3.50 2.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 130 3.50 2.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 150 5.00 1.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 50 0.50 5.50 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 5-Martin-Ellis 50 0.50 5.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 26 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 1.50 4.50 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 2-Brown-Paton 140 5.00 1.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 790 0.00 6.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 170 3.50 2.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 170 3.50 2.50 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 5-Martin-Ellis 650 1.50 4.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 27 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 5.50 0.50 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 2-Brown-Paton 110 1.50 4.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 500 0.00 6.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 110 1.50 4.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 50 3.50 2.50 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 5.50 0.50 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 5-Martin-Ellis 50 3.50 2.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 28 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 3.00 3.00 1-Livingston-Pettit vs 2-Brown-Paton 110 2.00 4.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 50 4.50 1.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 130 1.00 5.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 1-Kelley Jr-Tobias 140 0.00 6.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 5-Martin-Ellis 50 4.50 1.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 29 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 660 0.00 6.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 650 1.00 5.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 5-Martin-Ellis 620 3.00 3.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 620 3.00 3.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 2-Brown-Paton 170 5.00 1.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 100 6.00 0.00 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 620 3.00 3.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 8-Kelley-Tobias ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 30 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 420 1.00 5.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 50 4.50 1.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 5-Martin-Ellis 50 3.00 3.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 420 1.00 5.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 2-Brown-Paton 300 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 50 4.50 1.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 420 1.00 5.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 8-Kelley-Tobias ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 31 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 180 0.00 6.00 2-Potts-Griffith vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 100 5.50 0.50 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 5-Martin-Ellis 100 5.50 0.50 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 50 4.00 2.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 2-Brown-Paton 120 1.50 4.50 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 120 1.50 4.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 110 3.00 3.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 8-Kelley-Tobias ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 32 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 1.50 4.50 2-Potts-Griffith vs 3-Jaeger-Hackenberg 90 3.00 3.00 3-MacMorran-MacMorran vs 5-Martin-Ellis 100 4.00 2.00 4-Taylor-Gerard vs 7-Pruiett-Laverty 130 5.00 1.00 5-Gruhlkey-Moyers vs 2-Brown-Paton 200 6.00 0.00 6-Mahajan-Sutaria vs 4-Pamplin-Pamplin 50 1.50 4.50 7-Vervenne-Raines vs 6-McDaniel-Baker 110 0.00 6.00 8-Sanders-Sanders vs 8-Kelley-Tobias ----------------------------------------------------------------------